Weak bones by reducing the absorption of ...

What is it? A distinctive feature of this disease is bone fragility. Weak bones due to a decrease in calcium absorption in the body and depletion of bone calcium and protein. This is the most common type of metabolic bone disease in which bones become thinner and weaker, as part of aging. Bones may be broken and heal slowly, occurring especially in women after menopause. If left untreated, skeletal bones become fragile and some are likely to crack or fracture, especially hip and vertebrae. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 years. After menopause, women experience rapid bone loss due to reduction in the production of estrogen. Any bone can be broken, but special concern cause fractures of the hip and spine. Back and spine fractures can cause loss of height, severe back pain, nerve compression and deformation. The following risk factors associated with osteoporosis: smoking, chronic disease, alcohol use, high caffeine intake, early hysterectomy with ovarian removal appropriate, hyperthyroidism, and chronic steroid use drugs. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium absorption. Creating strong bones, eating calcium rich foods, support balanced diet and exercise at an early age may be the best protection against osteoporosis. Image used with permission of Medtronic These images show osteoporosis. The upper image shows a fracture of the thoracic spine. This type of fracture is called a compression fracture. Note the wedge shape of the vertebrae, as he fell to the front. The resulting image shows a normal left vertebral osteoporosis and vertebrae on the right. Note the loss of bone in the body of vertebra with a few fragments of bones left. What are the symptoms? Loss of bone mass occurs without symptoms. People can lose bone mass over a long period of time without realizing it. The first signs of osteoporosis >> << frequently fractured spine, hip or wrist after a simple fall. When bone loss is a serious and osteoporosis is high, the following symptoms >> << height loss and spine slouch main effects osteoporosis fractures of the spine. How to diagnose? Osteoporosis is diagnosed spinal X-rays, spinal CT scan or bone density (DEXA scan). Suspicion of osteoporosis is usually present when there is fracture of the spine where there is only a small amount of this effect, such as a simple fall. How is it treated? The best treatment is prevention. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and exercise are important preventive tools against osteoporosis. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption and other important factors. There are several medications that can help increase bone density. Antiresorptive drugs, biphosphonates (alendronate, and ibandronat ryzedronat), calcitonin, estrogen and raloksifen affect bone remodeling cycle. Teriparatide, a form of parathyroid hormone, is a newly approved drug against osteoporosis. This is the first drug to speed the formation of bone in bone remodeling cycle. Fractures that are supported by osteoporosis can be treated with Kifoplastika, vertebroplasty, bed or external mounting. Kifoplastika a procedure in which a balloon inserted into the vertebra raise the collapsed segments and then bone cement is introduced into the space created by balloon. In vertebroplasty, bone cement is injected into the spine, not a balloon inflated. These procedures are performed with needles inserted through the skin on the back (see

Kifoplastika and vertebroplasty). External mounting requires that the patient wears braces. Does this treatment is the complication? There is little risk associated with vertebroplasty and Kifoplastika that bone cement may leak lasix 50 mg iv into the blood vessels or in places where the nerves. This is a rare and avoided careful surgical technique. Talk to your specialist about other risks (see Your Back Operation). What are the long-term expectations? Osteoporosis is a progressive disease that can lead to fractures of the current that can be disabled. Prevention best advice, but there is hope of new procedures that are available. It is important to diagnose osteoporosis as early as possible. .

Thats, twice as fast fracture in men - one to four.

It may not be true, but it is this: If you are a woman, you automatically are at greater risk than men

, . International Foundation for Osteoporosis believes that osteoporosis affects about 200 million women worldwide. Why the gap between the sexes? Women start with a lower bone density than their male peers, and they lose bone mass faster as they age, leading to osteoporosis in some women. At the age of 20 to 80, the average white woman loses a third of her hip bone density, compared with a loss of bone density only one-fourth in men. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and skin diseases, osteoporosis statistics show a great burden for women lasix online no prescription one of the following ways:

68 percent of 44 million people at risk for osteoporosis are women. One out of every two women over age 50 may have associated with osteoporosis fracture in their lives. Thats, twice as fast fracture in men - one to four. 75 percent of all cases of hip osteoporosis affect women. Building better bones Osteoporosis can have their roots in childhood and adolescence, which is the period when your body does the same bone building. Women reach peak bone mass at about age 18 while men reach them by 20. After that, men and women continue to build a small amount of bone mass, but also add more men than women. At 30, the bone is fully equipped, and though your body will continue to replace old cells of bone, there will be no increase in bone mass past this point. Osteoporosis and osteoporosis in estrogen Add a long list of health problems such as mood swings and migraines, you can blame on hormones. Although other possible genetic and environmental factors of bone loss, changes in the level of your body's estrogen remains the most guilty suspect. Estrogen is a hormone that helps regulate women of reproductive cycle. At the same time, it plays a role in maintaining strong and healthy bones, as in men and women. While in women before menopause more estrogen than men, they will experience a dramatic drop in production of estrogen through menopause, and is likely to feel the loss of bone mass and osteoporosis at the time. Experience occasional or rare intervals, and started their periods at a later age than usual

experiencing menopause, with those experiencing menopause at an early age have a higher risk women

lose bone mass much faster in the early years after menopause than they do at any other time in their lives.

On the other hand, the data show that women have more estrogen than their peers, such as women who started their menstrual cycles earlier than usual, or have used estrogen containing contraceptives are likely to have higher bone density. Osteoporosis: Underdiagnosed in men, because osteoporosis is more common in women than men, less attention is paid to bone health in men, and those who can walk osteoporosis is diagnosed and treatment. Study 895 tenants aged over 50 found that doctors were less inclined to view

and treatment for men than women, even when people have recently suffered a fracture, is widely recognized red flag for osteoporosis. The reality is that 80,000 people experience osteoporosis-related fractures each year and about 23,000 die as a result. Loss of bone mass is a normal part of aging in men and women about 75 years old, men and women lose bone at the same speed and both sexes are less able to absorb calcium. However, when men get osteoporosis, usually associated with other health, lifestyle choices (smoking or alcohol abuse), or medicines that have bone loss as a side effect. Osteoporosis risk is different for men and women, but the disease is dangerous for those who receive it. Talk to your doctor about getting

if you know you have risk factors. .

Express a large number of mhc class ii and ...

Contains various myeloid and lymphoid cells. Adhesion molecules, which determine the localization of naive lymphocyte trafficking in lymph nodes. Ligands HEU for guidance lymphocyte receptors

Express large number of class MHC II and lasix drug dose costimulatory molecules, and this expression raises a key role in presenting and induction of naive CD4 + T cells to antigen family

The cell-cell surface molecules that promote intercellular adhesion represented 4 groups: immunoglobulin superfamily, integrins, and selektiny Mucin-like proteins

on the convex side of the lymph nodes. If the lymph enters the node through the

It is rather unique in that the immune system ...

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against viral and bacterial infections. In the human body, cancer cells may be a result of mutation, and the old, dead cells and tissues can lead to bacterial infection. suggested that cordyceps stimulates the immune system by increasing the number of white blood cells - the first line of defense of our body from various infections and diseases. With this money,

Cordyceps is often recommended as rejuvenating to increase energy while undergoing surgery or serious illness. Chinese Journal of integrated Traditional Western Medicine published that Cordyceps expansion of the immune system in healthy subjects and in patients with l eukaemia patients with leukemia. Cordyceps extract from the system of mononuclear macrophages and increase the number of mononuclear cells. It purchase lasix can also stop the decline of phagocytes "power of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity induced by cortisone. described numerous immune-boosting effects of Cordyceps: increasing the number of white blood cells, T-helper cells, NK cells and macrophages, manifested as an increase in cellular immunity against infections, particularly viral and fungal. The immune system is largely goalkeeper for your body. It keeps the good things in and protect you from bad things. The immune system can be fairly complex topic, the following information to clarify some confusion on this issue. The immune system is one of the main biological systems that everyone has. It is rather unique in that the immune system does not exist primarily in one location, and more or less throughout the body. For example, respiratory system consists of lungs, diaphragm, trachea and other organs used for breathing. Skeletal system consists of all the bones that are in your body. In contrast, the immune system does not exist in one place, and is a collection of systems and protection mechanisms that are designed to keep people safe. The immune system must be organized, as it is because although most infections are making their way into the body through various holes in the head, most diseases and pathogens are much more complex actions than simply find their way into the body through open holes. Primary immunodeficiency immune system is the greatest defenses against disease, and unfortunately, there are many people in the world who happen to be >> << weakened immune system (often referred to as HIV). There are two main ways in which people can get weakened immune system. First, it is almost always genetic and occurs when a person is born is called

primary immunodeficiency. When a person has primary immunodeficiency, often they simply are not part of the immune system, they should have. Their immune system is like a puzzle missing a few parts. This is the first kind of a weak immune system is very difficult to fix, if not impossible. Compliance with the puzzle analogy, when a person has a first type of immune system, they can actually have one of the 50 or 60 parts of the puzzle missing their immune system. Each puzzle represented by HIV, which can happen if there was no Puzzle. Secondary immunodeficiency second type of weak immune system caused by direct infection (eg AIDS). This second type is called a weak immune system

secondary immunodeficiency. With this type of weak immune system, people still face many of the problems they had with primary immunodeficiency. Unfortunately, if a person has any of these types of weakened immune systems, they largely have it for life. Treatment depends on the type of immunodeficiency person, but tend to satisfy the conditions are treatable and not life threatening in these days. However, when a person has a weakened immune system are more susceptible to pathogens and can get sick very easily. People with weak immune systems a cold can turn into an emergency situation if they do not care as they should be. People should not have a birth defect or dangerous diseases have reduced a weak immune system. There are other ways for people who have weak immune system, although it is not as serious as the primary or secondary immunodeficiency. If a person is sick a lot, most likely they put unnecessary stress on the immune system, making it work harder than it should keep your body safe. Weakened immune system, as is likely, caused unnecessary stress on the body. This usually occurs when a person is awake

enough or feels unnecessary amount of stress over a long period of time. The cause of stress is so harmful to the human immune system is that when the body under unnecessary stress, she actually believes that is in danger of being killed. Thousands of years ago, a stressful situation would have been the result of chasing predator, but today, it may be an argument in the office or fight with your significant other. In any case, the causes of stress does not matter. When the body becomes stressed, it starts to get rid of all that he did not immediately have to give yourself every possible chance he could survive in this situation. Often means that the immune system will suffer. There is no physical abnormalities of the immune system - it's just that the body believes that the physical danger of death and will not pay as much energy for the immune system as it should. Heavy exercise can also temporarily weaken the immune system, and a diet that is too high in sugar or sudden changes in weather. Again, it should be noted that these types of weakened immune systems are not in the same class, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, but more common among generally healthy people. Approximately 1 in 500 people with primary immunodeficiency and figures difficult to say at secondary immunodeficiencies at this time. In general, most people will only risk a temporary weakening of the immune system. The immune system is an exciting part of the body and is one of the most difficult parts. He is responsible for protecting the body from hundreds of thousands of threats on a daily basis. .

When air bags at the end of bronchioles

Emphysema is part of the deterioration in chronic obstructive lung disease, said doctors at the Mayo Clinic. When air bags at the end of bronchioles or airways, damaged, emphysema occurs. Finally, the destruction of air sacs results in larger pockets of holes littered the inner walls of the airways. Oxygen blocked from reaching the blood and air in the lungs of hard to avoid. There are a number of symptoms to watch for end stage emphysema. As the disease progresses, clear signs of emphysema end stage become apparent. Often, the nails and lips, people with end stage emphysema was gray-blue color, indicating a lack of oxygen to the extremities. Mucus, which kashlyala during cough becomes yellow or green. While respiratory failure is a common symptom of emphysema at all stages, patients lasix 80 mg with end-stage emphysema can no longer perform the same level of activity that they use for tires and more. Even bending to tie shoes is impossible not become short of breath. Breathing is working even while resting. Respiratory infections are more severe and longer to heal. Researchers emphysema. org reported that total lung failure is one of the final stages of emphysema and lung transplantation is often required. Sometimes patients develop pneumothorax, resulting in too much air flow from the lungs. Damage is usually accompanied by stabbing pain and inability to breathe. Radical surgery is performed when other treatments have failed. Doctors usually only remove and replace one lung, as studies have shown that recovery is best for patients with only one lung transplantation. As food becomes more difficult and takes too much air to achieve a large weight loss is usually in the progression of emphysema, said doctors Merck. At the same time elevated levels of substances known as tumor necrosis into the blood, which increases weight loss. Other changes occur as the disease progresses. Many times, decreased lung function causes swelling in the legs. Patients may cough up blood and feel severe headaches after awakening in the morning. How to adapt to progressive symptoms, people with emphysema often develop different ways of breathing, such as pursing your lips to control airflow or leaning over the counter with their weight resting on his hands. Article reviewed Crohn Anita updated: March 8, 2011

They then used various kinds of high-resolution ...

For more than four decades, we know that peripheral airway resistance increases with emphysema. But it is unclear what changes lead to an increase of the resistance. Take just a narrow airway, or they are destroyed at all? Without the technology to address this issue, it remains virtually unanswered. Until now. In this regard weekBЂ ™'s NEJM, John Mc-Don and colleagues used the field of transplantation of lungs and high-resolution CT to BЂ

"and conclude that the small airways really destroyed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) . To conduct this study, the authors studied the lives of patients eksplantirovannyh pulmonary emphysema and healthy intended for transplantation. They included 78 patients with COPD who had to undergo multiple detector CT in any case under investigation for prevention of lung cancer. Patients had varying degrees of severity. Most of them were in the late 50's and 60's, with more than 40 pack-years of smoking. b In addition to this patient pool, the authors collected data on 12 eksplantirovannyh lung in patients undergoing transplantation of emphysema and four control lungs, which were intended for transplantation, but went unmatched. When using live patients and lightweight designs, they can learn the light at two different levels of permission. For patients with COPD, which are high resolution, CT, the authors quantified the number of small airways (defined as the measurement of respiratory tract 2-2. 5 mm internal diameter). They then used various kinds of high-resolution CT, which can not be used in clinical settings to get even closer view of the pulmonary parenchyma, this time donated samples of light. Lung samples were frozen, and the authors were able to attend the branching of the smallest airways to calculate the number and diameter of terminal bronchioles. What they found that patients with COPD were less worse and have small airways. Indeed, eksplantirovannyh lungs (in patients with emphysema is transplant) was 72 to 89% less terminal bronchioles (bronchioles that do not end in alveoli) than controls. to patients with less severe COPD also had less and have smaller airways. While it was not possible to determine whether there is a small loss of airway prior to emphysematous destruction of alveolar air space, the authors hypothesized that small airways were actually lost in the first place. It should be noted that the authors recognize that itBЂ ™ s possible CT was not sufficiently sensitive instrument, and the airways were not removed as a whole, but it really comes down to the gap is too small to be noticed CT. In any case, functional impairment, most likely the same. They concluded: BЂњThere widespread narrowing and loss of lower respiratory tract before the emphysematous destructionBЂ | This process readily explains the observed increaseBЂ | in small airway resistance in patients with COPD. BЂ "

B, Wayne Mitzner, physiologist who studies the lungs Johns Hopkins says that this study should change the way we think about and identify emphysema, and also offers a potential mechanism to explain airway destruction. Based on McDonough and others alBЂ ™ s findings, he argues that in emphysema itBЂ ™ really small airways that are affected first, not the alveoli. Respiratory tract becomes inflamed, narrowed and eventually eliminated. After itBЂ ™ s cut, elastic fibers that normally support the alveoli free support them and can no longer maintain the alveoli. Thus, the alveolar wall collapses and folds, forming bullae seen in COPD. Although thereBЂ ™ no clear clinical correlation, this mechanism can offer is time for COPD patientsBЂ "when the airway is narrowed, but not destroyed BЂ" where changes in behavior or medication administration could improve their lung function. Indeed,

Journal of Jorgen Vestbo and colleagues looked at the rate of change in FEV1 over time in patients with COPD, and found as part of the story diseaseBЂ ™ s, some patients saw improvement in their lung function. ItBЂ ™ is possible that by taking these studies together, those patients whose airways narrowed, but were not removed at the time they quit smoking cigarettes, for example. Is it really so McDonoughBЂ ™ study brings us one step closer to understanding the process that mostly unnoticed until it is irreversible. BЂњThis destruction is quiet, very far in the lung periphery, BЂ "says pulmonologist and chief editor of the NEJM, Dr. Jeffrey Drazhen. Q: How can this physiological step forward in understanding points the way to better treatment of COPD? Tags:,,

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